Mapping the Perceived Costs: The Development and Validation of a Psychometric Instrument

• In Event: Student and Teacher Motivation and Attitude in Physical Education

Abstract

Derived from Expectancy-Value theoretical (EVT) model, cost has drawn scholarly interest for being predicative of avoidance motivation (Jiang et al. 2018). The study is an effort of developing and validating an instrument to measure students’ perceived costs in physical education. Through literature review and student interviews, a draft of 39 items was developed for content validation by experts. A total of 29 items were sent to collect psychometric evidence from two samples of middle school students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded a three-factor construct to measure social costs (six items), physical costs (five items), and loss of valuable alternatives (five items). Following confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct with satisfactory fitting indexes.

Author

• Tan Zhang, Winston Salem State University
  Presenting Author