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The current study examined the relation between the amount of literacy instruction and student reading achievement (word reading and reading comprehension), using data from 1679 students and their teachers from Grade 1 to 3. We categorized literacy instruction into two types by content: 1) code-based instruction that focuses on phonics and decoding skills; 2) meaning-based instruction that focuses on vocabulary, oral language, and comprehension skills. We used multilevel multivariate models to separate classroom-level effects from student-level effects and accounted for cumulative effects across grades. Overall, we detected positive longitudinal relations of meaning-based instruction to students’ reading comprehension and negative relations of code-based instruction in Grade 2 to students’ word reading achievement.
Keywords: literacy instruction, reading development, multilevel modeling