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This research explored if a social robot would play a role in facilitating the development of friendship between young children while they engage in playful learning. We instantiated four sessions of triadic interaction activities among two children and a robot, where the robot mediated the children’s collaborative interactions. Ten children (aged five to six) enrolled in an after-school program in a rural public school in the U.S. participated in the research. We video-recorded the sessions and later annotated these recordings for analysis. The friendship development between the children in a pair was observed in terms of five behavioral categories (liking, togetherness, parity, agreement, and co-construction). The results showed that robot mediation contributed complementarily to friendship development among the children.