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American students spend more time outside of school than in school, and numerous studies have shown that the ways young people spend their discretionary time can greatly influence their short-term and long-term outcomes. The single most important policy target in this aspect of student life is the federal 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC), which annually provides over $1 billion in funding for afterschool and summer programs across the K-12 spectrum.
This two-part research involved a mixed-methods policy analysis: (1) review of U. S. government documents, with a focus on analyzing the strengths and shortcomings of the current 21st CCLC policy; and (2) interviews with a diverse group of 15 out-of-school-time thought leaders focused on key policy-improvement strategies.