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The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of basic needs insecurity on college students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 49,122 students enrolled at 130 community and technical colleges and 72 four-year institutions across 42 states in spring 2020. I used propensity score matching techniques to construct matched pairs of students who did and did not experience basic needs insecurity using covariates (i.e., demographic characteristics, institutional variables, and COVID-19 experiences). The results suggest that food insecurity and housing insecurity have significant and positive effects on students’ odds of experiencing moderate to severe major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.