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Lifelong learning as a typical way of social participation is considered to contribute to active aging. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether multifaceted gain from lifelong learning (GLL) promoted positive attitudes to aging via enhancing self-efficacy. With a valid sample of 586 participants from the colleges for senior citizens in China, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. The results indicated that (1) a two-factor structure (i.e., conserving and transforming) was under the GLL; and (2) the relationship between the conserving facet and attitudes to aging was partially mediated by self-efficacy, whereas the transforming facet could not predict self-efficacy or attitudes to aging. Implications on theories, methodologies, and practices were provided.