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This study aimed to determine how dental students’ levels of expertise (low, medium, or high) influence their clinical performance and perceived task load. A total of 93 participants were assigned to three expertise level groups and performed virtual reality simulation tasks of detecting and diagnosing dental caries in two clinical cases. The outcome variables were participants’ clinical examination performance and perceived task load. The results show that both total dwell time on the dental mirror and total examination time were significantly shorter for the high expertise group than for the medium and low expertise groups. Also, the high expertise group rated task load significantly lower for mental demands and effort than did the low expertise group.