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This paper systematically synthesizes research from the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) to identify the internal antecedents fostering successful principalship practices (SPPs) and discover the similarities and differences across contexts. We adopted a holistic lens and meta-ethnography to explore internal antecedents that vary across contexts and how they contribute to SPPs in Europe and America. We found six categories of internal antecedents, which include: 1) cognitive ability; 2) disposition; 3) skill/capacity; 4) values/beliefs; 5) emotional literacy; 6) motivation. Some internal antecedents were the same globally in similar school contexts, while others were dissimilar and context specific. The findings extend our understanding of leadership antecedents and inform leadership preparation in a global context.