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Recent years have seen the increasing use of robot-assisted language learning (RALL). However, mixed results were reported for the effectiveness. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the overall impact of RALL on language performance, and identify the effects of key attributes. Our findings showed that RALL produced better language performance, with a positively modest effect, than non-RALL. The moderator analysis indicated that RALL was comparatively highly effective: (a) for elementary and junior high learners, (b) for beginners, (c) with robots instructing as teaching assistants, (d) with both autonomous and teleoperated robots, (e) within the intervention duration of 1-4 weeks, (f) in speaking, (g) with the interaction in groups, (h) with the teaching method of Total Physical Response.