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Artificial intelligence (AI) advancement raises critical questions of (1) how AI differs from traditional technologies in assisting teaching and improving learning? (2) will AI integration change teachers’ professional roles dramatically? and (3) what would be the emerging relationships between teachers and AI? To investigate those questions, we systematically reviewed 42 peer-reviewed studies published in the past decade. We extracted 19 critical functions of AI and classified them into six pedagogical roles. We further discovered ten characteristics of AI, from which we built a four-characteristic AI profile model. Based on the findings, we recommend teachers consider two perspectives when constructing their professional identity and building relationships with AI.