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Principal burnout has become a common talking point in media and research. However, no systematic scholarly review of principal burnout presently exists, limiting our ability to understand and address burnout. We conducted a systematic review of 107 studies to identify the definitions, measures, causes, correlates, and effects of burnout. We find that the majority of burnout studies use a common definition of burnout derived from Maslach et al. (1997). Causes of burnout most commonly fell into four categories: environmental, job-specific, school-specific, and person-specific. Few studies link principal burnout to measurable outcomes, such as principal turnover. We observe that many studies employed low-quality data collection and analytical methods, suggesting a need for more rigorous examination of principal burnout.