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Given the increasing popularity of the use of virtual reality learning environments (VRLEs) for online education purposes, the study of student perceptions towards such environments is relevant for the design of meaningful integration of VRLEs in online learning. This study aims to investigate online students’ experiences of the learning modules where a VRLE was introduced and identify design principles for desktop VR based online learning. In this study, we applied the socio-technical-pedagogical framework to understand student experience in desktop VR-based learning modules. We classified our findings and design principles based on three dimensions of the framework. The results present that perceived social interactions, high levels of technological usability and pedagogical usability are important factors affecting students’ learning experience in VRLEs.