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This study investigated patterns in students’ use of annotation and response behaviors as 93 undergraduates participated in social annotation activities over seven weeks. We also examined how students’ performance in the behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions differed based on their behavioral patterns. Two distinct clusters, namely initiators and responders, were identified in the analysis. Responders exhibited longer active reading time and more social annotation effort, while initiators received higher peer acknowledgement. Cognitive insight showed no significant difference, but responders displayed higher cognitive discrepancy. Positive and negative tones were similar between groups, but responders demonstrated more prosocial behaviors. These findings offer practical implications for enhancing collaborative learning experiences in social annotation.
Shan Li, Lehigh University
Xiaoshan Huang, McGill University
Gaoxia Zhu, National Institute of Education - Nanyang Technological University
Hanxiang Du, Western Washington University
Tianlong Zhong, Nanyang Technological University
Chenyu Hou, National Institute of Education - Nanyang Technological University
Juan Zheng, Lehigh University