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In educational settings, creativity is regarded as a highly valuable concept. However, it is still unclear to what extent individual and environmental factors simultaneously play a role in influencing students’ creative performance. 3,671 elementary and secondary school students were recruited from China in the current study. Using the hierarchical linear modeling method, we found that family socioeconomic status, intelligence, creative personality, creative thinking, and creative classroom climate (including its six sub-dimensions) were positively predicted students’ creative performance simultaneously. Moreover, individual factors accounted for the majority of variance in predicting creative performance compared with environmental factors. Finally, there is a gap in creative performance between different gender groups (boys vs. girls)/ grade levels (elementary vs. secondary).