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The present study investigated the utility of the interdependence continuum and a set of exploratory questions to investigate Spanish/English cross-linguistic transfer across reading and language domains and potential moderation by English oral language. Using the Woodcock-Munoz in both Spanish and English, 106 multilingual learners in grades K-2 were tested at the beginning of the school year. The main conclusions were: (a) there was partial support for the interdependence continuum - there was a significant relationship between Spanish and English decoding, but not between Spanish/English reading comprehension or oral language; (b) there were significant cross-linguistic relationships involving Spanish decoding across reading and language domains; and (c) there was no moderating effect of English oral language on transfer relationships.
Steven J. Amendum, University of Delaware
Jonathan M. Kittle, University of Delaware
Alexus Ramirez, University of Delaware
Leslie M. Babinski, Duke University
Madeline M. Carrig, Duke University
Steven Knotek, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
Marta Sánchez, University of North Carolina - Wilmington