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This study aimed to explore the validity of the Fear of Failure in Learning Scale (FOFLS) in the Chinese context. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, and measurement invariance across gender groups were investigated on 919 Chinese university students. The findings corroborated the reliability and validity of the adapted FOFLS. A bifactor model was identified, encompassing one general and four specific dimensions: feeling of shame, performance avoidance, learned helplessness, and self-handicapping. Residual invariance across gender groups was also supported. This adaptation of FOFLS could be instrumental for the future investigation of the fear of failure in learning among Chinese students.