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Critical Thinking (CT) is presented in K-12 teaching and learning standards as a key 21st Century skill vital to a healthy democratic society. However, CT as taught in teacher education has been critiqued on philosophical, pedagogical, and political grounds. What strengths are claimed for CT in teacher education, and do those strengths support a broader vision of the role of teachers and education in contemporary society? We systematically review the literature on CT and teacher education from the standpoint of critical reflection, emancipatory praxis, and generative change, finding that reductionist definitions of CT, restriction of CT to specific instrumental purposes, and separation of CT processes from specific knowledge domains limit its ability support meaningful change in schools and society.