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As U.S. schools become increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse, educators must ensure all students have access to quality science learning experiences. Students’ perspectives and participation are valuable to knowledge construction in their learning communities. It is necessary to provide equitable learning opportunities for students to engage in classroom discussions to achieve social justice and epistemological equity in education. This paper describes the development of an equitable classroom discussion observation protocol, which contains a checklist format of observable teacher practices to include students’ socio-cultural and linguistic, social-emotional, behavioral, and cognitive engagements. It can be used as a formative assessment, a teacher self-reflection tool, or by an external observer to become more aware of incorporating equitable and inclusive practices.