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Perceptions of classroom climate may shape students’ self-beliefs and peer-dependent learning strategies in undergraduate STEM classes. We used multiple methods to examine classroom climate (peer climate and perceived competition), comfort being oneself, and social comparison concern and how they related to help-seeking, studying with peers, and achievement in engineering. Positive perceptions of peer climate were associated with comfort being oneself and studying with peers, which benefited course grades. In their own words, students described the nature of their interactions with classmates. Thematic analysis suggested a means by which peer climate and dynamics emerge in large, competitive courses. The role of gender was also explored, given women’s underrepresentation in engineering.