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The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate the Online Teaching Motivation Survey (OTMS), a survey instrument designed to measure motivational constructs related to online teaching and learning. The widespread prevalence of online and hybrid teaching modalities has necessitated reliable, valid measures to better understand teachers’ motivation for online teaching and learning. A 37-item survey was developed based on theoretical constructs of motivation and implemented with a sample of K-12 teachers (N =379) teaching in online and hybrid settings. In addition to describing the development and validation process for the Online Teaching Motivation Survey (OTMS), the authors present considerations for further refining the instrument. Future research directions and implications are also discussed.