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This study sought to identify the variables showing the strongest associations with reading, math, and science achievement. I analyzed U.S. data from the 2015 and 2018 Programme for Inter-national Student Assessment (PISA). Understanding the relationship between variables commonly considered important and academic performance in the past two cycles of PISA could help inform practice and policies to support learning in this period recovering from Covid learning loss. In addition, this analysis could be the basis for a further analysis of PISA performance before and after the global Covid shutdowns when the 2022 results become available in late 2023.