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This study draws upon a sample of 211,554 students from 26 economies to examine the potential mediating role of self-efficacy in the association between intercultural learning and students' global competence. The findings reveal a significant mediating effect of self-efficacy, operating at both the individual and school levels, on the relationship between intercultural learning and students' global competence. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the mediating effect of individual self-efficacy remains statistically significant regardless of the perceived school climate. In contrast, the mediating effect of collective self-efficacy is contingent upon the level of discrimination within the school environment, being significant only under conditions of low discrimination and non-significant under high discriminatory school climates. Further implications and limitations are discussed.