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With the development of information technology, digital textbooks (DTs) have become important teaching and learning materials, yet their impact on students' academic achievement (SAA) remains debated. This meta-analysis of 36 studies showed that DTs improve SAA (g=0.218). The effects were better in collectivist cultures; there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the duration of the intervention, with the best effects at 12-24 weeks; the effects were greater on social studies scores and timeliness test scores; and furthermore, the effects were not affected by gender, grade, year of publication, or type of experiment. Technological innovations are needed to enhance the digital literacy of teachers and students, maximizing the benefits of DTs in the digital age.
Keywords: digital textbook; academic achievement; meta-analysis