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Digital textbooks have emerged as a significant form of educational materials. Facing the current debate over whether digital textbooks or paper textbooks are more efficacious in motivating students, we conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize 25 experimental and quasi-experimental studies with 40 effect sizes in total. The results indicate that digital textbooks are generally more effective in enhancing students' learning motivation compared with paper textbooks (g = 0.526). The analysis of moderating effects reveals that digital textbooks will be more potent in boosting students' learning motivation among (a) collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures; (b) university students than primary and middle students; (c) information technology subjects than other disciplines; (d) intrinsic motivation than extrinsic motivation.