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Black girls’ mathematics identity development is an intersectional process. Yet most prior empirical research is qualitative with a gap that could be filled by a measure of mathematics identity explored and conceptualized through race and gender. Our study describes the development and validation of MICMI, an instrument for measuring Black girls’ math identity. It was created using a theoretical framework anchored in intersectionality and draws validation evidence from literature, expert reviews, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing. Factor analysis and IRT modeling were used for reliability and validity. MICMI is a three-factor construct—math identity, intersectionality-assets, intersectionality-barriers that exhibits strong psychometric properties. With MICMI, the contribution of math identity to the sustainability of Black girls in STEM can be further explored.