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Drawing on Turner’s (1960) concepts of sponsored and contest mobility, this study examined the influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on adolescents’ expected occupational status in the United States and the United Kingdom, using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment. Our findings revealed that American adolescents generally had higher expected occupational status compared to their British counterparts. Additionally, American adolescents’ occupational expectations were less influenced by their socioeconomic backgrounds than those of British adolescents. These results support Turner’s theory, suggesting that the impact of family SES on students’ occupational expectations is more pronounced in a sponsored mobility society like the United Kingdom than in a contest mobility society like the United States.