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Cognitive interviews can be used for reparative (problem identification) or descriptive (understanding the construct) purposes. To provide researchers with a starting point for analyzing cognitive interview data, we developed a high-level organizing coding structure, applicable to different self-report measures. We aim for the categories in this structure to be helpful for organizing new and pre-existing codes. To develop the categories, we used cognitive interview data from a project that aimed to develop a new measure of student engagement. The “Problems,” “Respondent’s Behavior,” and “Talking by Interviewer” categories could be used for the reparative purpose. The categories of “Answer Justification for Endorsing and for not Endorsing,” “Stating the Meaning and Giving Examples,” “Comparing,” and more may be used for both purposes.