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The U.S. Surgeon General (2023) has encouraged scholars to identify differences in the effects of in-person and digital social interactions on mental health. Responding to the U.S. Surgeon General’s call requires a conceptual framework that captures the ecology of virtual, in-person, and contextual interactions shaping adolescent development and mental health in the digital age. Drawing on findings from 19 qualitative focus groups with 71 parents and school staff from four Connecticut school districts, we build on Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) bioecological model as adapted by (Navarro & Tudge, 2023) to further conceptualize how digital and in-person microsystems interact to directly and indirectly shape adolescent development and well-being.