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This study investigated the cultural underpinnings of teacher burnout in China, specifically examining the influence of Confucian work dynamism on burnout through the mediating role of grit. Drawing on cultural-psychology theory and the cognitive appraisal model, the study analyzed the relationship between Confucian work dynamism, grit (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort), and burnout among Chinese teachers. The results showed that Confucian work dynamism had a direct impact only on grit-perseverance of effort. Both consistency of interest and perseverance of effort negatively affected burnout. Confucian work dynamism had an indirect effect on burnout through perseverance of effort. This study contributes to understanding the role of culture in occupational mental health and the adaptability of grit in non-Western contexts.