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We developed the In-The-Moment Asynchronous Student Engagement Questionnaire (ITMASEQ) to measure undergraduate student engagement in online learning environments, focusing on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions and conducted an initial validation study for the measure. Fredricks’s (2004) student engagement components (emotional, behavioral, cognitive) and the “Dual Component Framework of Student Engagement” by Wong and Liem (2021) guided the study, distinguishing learning and school engagement. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), the study collected data from 83 undergraduate students at eight-time points over a semester, assessing engagement through interactions with content, instructors, peers, and AI. Expert review provided support for content validity; internal structure validity evidence, evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, was mixed.