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The importance of promoting students’ social and emotional skills (SES) is well established among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Previous studies report that SES is closely related to higher academic achievement, lower risky behaviors, and later life success in areas such as the workplace and health. The Covid-19 hindered interaction and collaboration, highlighting the need to promote SES. PISA 2022 included questions about students’ SES during the pandemic (SES-COVID) along with generic SES questions. This study examined the association between SES, SES-COVID, and math using structural equation modeling. Results indicate different effects of SES and SES-COVID on math. Further analysis based on students' economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS) revealed that SES and SES-COVID have unequal influences on math performance.