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With the current proliferation of emerging digital technologies, competent use of digital systems has become a critical skill for most areas of life including education and work. In this study, we relied on a nationally representative sample to ascertain the joint impact of digital infrastructure and self-efficacy of digital competence on students’ learning outcomes. Using the structural equation modeling approach, we found that frequent exposure to digital resources in educational institutions directly predicts students’ math performance. We also found that students’ beliefs in their ability to use digital resources exhibited statistically significant indirect effects on the relationship between digital infrastructure and learning outcomes. The findings have implications for investment in digital resources in order to enhance students’ digital competencies.