Gender Differences in Mathematics Achievement: Moderating Effects of Gender Equality and School Environment Based on PISA 2022

• In Event: Research In Progress Roundtable Session 5
  In Invited Roundtable: Examining Gender, Race, and Identity in Mathematics Education (Table 9)

Abstract

This study analyzed gender differences in mathematics achievement using PISA 2022 data and hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicate that boys generally outperform girls across countries, though girls excel in specific contexts. At the national level, reduced income inequality and smaller gender gaps in health and survival were linked to narrower math achievement disparities. At the school level, higher socio-economic status, balanced selection systems, optimal teacher-student ratios, smaller class sizes, use of standardized tests, positive environments, and math-related extracurricular activities significantly reduced the gender gap and boosted performance. These findings highlight the need for policies addressing gender disparities to promote equality and improve education quality.

Authors

• Xinyu Zhou, Beijing Normal University

• Xiaorui Huang, East China Normal University