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Research has highlighted a lack of pedagogy and VR affordances in designing VR learning activities. This design-based research proposed and implemented three design principles based on task-based language teaching (TBLT) and VR affordances of authenticity and interaction. Sixteen Chinese undergraduate students participated in a workshop series using the VR application Immerse, completing eight role-play speaking tasks. Data from semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed to explore how these activities supported EFL learners' speaking proficiency. The design principles from this study offer guidelines for creating and assessing speaking activities in VR, ensuring pedagogically sound and technologically enhanced educational practices.