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This study explored language mindset profiles among 685 Grade 4-5 Chinese primary school students learning English as a second/foreign language (ESL/EFL), Four distinct profiles were identified: growth, mixed, slightly-fixed, and fixed, each with varying beliefs about growth and fixed mindsets. The growth profile exhibited the highest achievement and strategy use, while the fixed and slight-fixed profile had the lowest. The mixed profile was situated between the growth and fixed profiles. The study also revealed variations in students' perceptions of cultural values, community influences, parental practices, and teacher practices related to mindset development. The findings offer insight into the multifaceted nature of language mindsets within the ESL/EFL context and their connections to learning processes, outcomes, and environmental factors.