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This comparative study investigates AI integration barriers in K-12 education in South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. 49 educators and administrators were recruited and interviewed individually with semi-structured questions. Data was analyzed using semantic data analysis. Ertmer’s first-order (external) and second-order (internal) barriers to change framework (1999) was used to analyze the data. The findings suggested that these three countries share similar first-order barriers (e.g., professional development) and second-order barriers (e.g., beliefs). The differences divide the countries into two distinct categories: South Korea is in one group, and Taiwan and the United States are in the other. Moreover, these contrasts underscore the impact of government-led AI integration in education and the necessity for well-defined government policies and guidelines.