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Classroom discussions are beneficial to science learning, and participation from diverse students helps enrich learning and foster knowledge innovation. Yet, not all students engage in and benefit from these discussions. We initially developed an Equitable Classroom Discussion Observation Protocol to address this issue. In this paper, we operationalize equity in classroom discussion, describe the in-depth protocol revision process, and introduce the updated protocol. The revision process involved external experts’ consultations, protocol revision and redesign, and user instruction development. The revised protocol contains observable teacher practices aiming to better promote diverse students’ engagement through learning materials and resources, behavioral, cognitive, cultural and linguistic, and social-emotional dimensions, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and effective science learning environment.