The Use of GenAI in Medical Education of China and Indonesia: A Comparative Literature Review (Poster 7)

• In Event: Artificial Intelligence, Gender, Race, Culture, and Environmental Justice in Education: An Intersectional Analysis of Bias, Equity, and Sustainability Globally

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as significant since the launch of ChatGPT/OpenAI in 2022, affecting all disciplines, including medicine and healthcare. Healthcare should brace the impact of GenAI in terms of utilizing GenAI to optimize healthcare service quality but also train future healthcare workforce to use GenAI in their future healthcare service. In this term, GenAI can positively and negatively impact healthcare delivery. For example, patients may access free ChatGPT to search for their symptoms and become more aware of their diseases, but on the other hand, they can be attracted to misleading treatment options, which can be dangerous without adequate healthcare knowledge. Medical education should prepare future physicians to use GenAI and teach them how to encounter patients who may use GenAI, which is readily available on the internet. Unfortunately, there has been no comprehensive regulation in the use of GenAI in medical education at the moment besides the World Federation in Medical Education (WFME)’s general guide on the use of AI in healthcare.
This study applied a comparative literature review to studies on GenAI use in China and Indonesia. The included studies were empirical studies from China and Indonesia, published between January 2022 - December 2024, in English, Chinese and Indonesian. The literature review analyzed included studies on their level of evidence (i.e., descriptive case report, cohort, quasi-experimental, and experimental) and level of outcomes based on Kirkpatrick’s hierarchy (i.e., reaction/satisfaction, learning, behavioral change, and health outcomes change).
The included studies were mostly descriptive and non-experimental studies evaluating the reaction/satisfaction (Level 1) and knowledge/skills learning (Level 2) on the use of GenAI, mostly ChatGPT, in medical education in Indonesia and China. The two countries show almost similar patterns, with more studies identified from China. There was a lack of evidence on the long-term impact of the use of GenAI in education towards the change of behavior of healthcare professionals and healthcare quality.
The use of GenAI for training purposes has been applied in many medical schools and healthcare institutions in China and Indonesia, showing a range of beneficial impacts and some potential challenges. However, future studies should investigate the impact of GenAI on the quality of healthcare, including how patients may be impacted by the use of GenAI in healthcare training and delivery.

Authors

• Prattama Santoso Utomo, University of Rochester

• Jialin Yan, University of Rochester