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China’s education reform has entered a new era of high-quality development, in which "vitality" has emerged as a key policy orientation of elementary education following “fairness” and “quality”. Previous studies have identified school-running vitality as an indicator of the health and organizational climate of schools. It primarily encompasses principal vitality, teacher vitality, and student vitality, with teacher vitality playing a particularly central role. Therefore, enhancing teacher vitality can be considered crucial to fostering overall school-running vitality. By analyzing its structure and components through interview surveys, this study aims to depict the current state, influencing factors, and underlying mechanisms of teacher vitality in elementary and secondary schools, and to propose targeted policy recommendations for future improvement to stimulate teacher vitality.