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The resilience of teachers is widely recognized as crucial, yet little attention has been paid to spiritual resilience and its relationship with job demands-resources (JD-R) factors. This study, grounded in the JD-R model, examined how emotional demand, student misbehavior, role clarity, and leader support relate to teachers’ spiritual resilience across three time points. Using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), results indicated that role clarity and leader support were positively associated with spiritual resilience. Notably, spiritual resilience was positively associated with emotional demand, while student misbehavior showed no significant relationship. These findings highlight the importance of job resources and the nuanced effects of demands on teacher resilience.