“It Still Needs a Human Touch”: K–12 Teachers’ Uses, Perceptions, and Ethical Concerns Around Generative AI

• In Event: Beyond the Hype: Teachers, GenAI, and the Human Factor

Abstract

Generative AI (GAI) tools are increasingly present in education, yet their roles in PreK–12 classrooms remain underexamined. This study investigates how K–12 teachers use GAI, focusing on instructional applications, assessment practices, and ethical concerns. Survey data from 48 U.S. teachers reveal that GAI is most often used for lesson planning, material creation, and feedback, but that outputs are rarely used “as-is.” Teachers report modifying AI-generated content extensively and express concern about accuracy, student misuse, and ethical risks. These findings suggest that while GAI holds potential, thoughtful implementation guided by teacher expertise is essential.

Authors

• Chelsey Bahlmann Bollinger, James Madison University

• Sana H Jaf, James Madison University