Critical Race Mixed Methodology (CRMM) As A Transformative Method: The Benefits and Challenges

• In Event: Incorporating Transformative Frameworks into Mixed Methods Research: Challenges, Insights, and Recommendations

Abstract

Purpose
This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using Critical Race Mixed Methodology (CRMM), a transformative methodological approach that integrates Critical Race Theory (CRT) into a mixed methods design (Authors, 2020). We offer recommendations for using CRMM as a method when conducting race-related research.

Theoretical framework
CRMM is grounded in CRT. Rooted in critical legal studies, CRT is a theoretical framework that centers on race while challenging racism, systems of power, white supremacy, and the subordination of people of color (Bell, 1993, 1995). This transformative framework critically examines how white supremacy has and continues to perpetuate the marginalization of people of color, while simultaneously challenging the status quo (Crenshaw et al., 1995).

Modes of inquiry
Our research team recently conducted and published a study employing CRMM to examine how African American college students’ experiences with racial microaggressions influenced their racial identity and feelings of belonging at historically white institutions (Authors, 2024b). In that study, we integrated a CRT lens within an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Through this process, we identified the strengths and challenges of employing CRMM. Building on that work, our present paper reflects upon our experiences of using CRMM. We candidly discuss the practical advantages and obstacles of utilizing this methodology. Specifically, we use our prior study as an example to explain CRMM, discuss its benefits and challenges, and provide recommendations for researchers seeking to engage in CRMM and conduct critical, race-related research.

Data Sources
Data sources for this paper include our published study, which used a series of Likert-item surveys to measure racial microaggressions, racial identity, and belonging, as well as individual interviews (Authors, 2024b). We also examine our research team’s experiences conducting this study.

Results
Our reflective analysis reveals how CRMM is beneficial in examining the complexity of individuals’ experiences, amplifying the voices of marginalized groups, and taking a team-based approach. However, we also explicate the challenges of integrating CRT within a complex methodological design, exploring multiple constructs, taking an interdisciplinary approach, and publishing limitations. Despite these challenges, we contend that CRMM is a valuable method. We present six recommendations that can help make using CRMM more palatable.

Scholarly Significance
Historically, traditional research methods have been rooted in racist ideologies that reflect and uphold white supremacy (Smith, 2021). As a result, researchers have continuously utilized race-neutral and deficit-based frameworks and methods when studying people of color, which has further perpetuated and sustained racism and oppression (Authors, 2024a). CRMM offers a transformative alternative that can thoroughly and effectively capture the experiences of people of color while exposing racism, challenging the status quo, and promoting social change. This presentation contributes to the growing movement to reimagine research methods through a critical lens by encouraging and preparing scholars to employ CRMM.

Author

• Jessica T. Decuir-Gunby, University of Southern California