Assessment of Pediatric Residents in the United States by Sex, Ethnoracial and Intersectional Group

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Abstract

With the American Board of Pediatrics incorporating Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) into certification decisions by 2028, understanding whether harmful disparities exist in assessments of pediatric residents is critical. A prospective cohort study was conducted during 2021-24 in fifteen pediatric residency programs across the United States. Time-to-event and growth curve modeling was used to understand the relationship between self-reported demographics and program-reported EPA and milestone levels. Analyses revealed significant delays for Asian residents in reaching the highest EPA supervision level across all EPAs, and growth curve analyses showed disparities in certain EPAs for Asian and URiM-femilae residents. URiM and Asian residents also showed lower overall growth curves for interpersonal communication skills and systems-based practice milestones, respectively.

Authors

• Hannah L. Kakara Anderson, Maastricht University

• Daniel C West, University of Pennsylvania

• Alan Schwartz, University of Illinois at Chicago

• Laura Lockwood, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

• Caroline Rassbach, Stanford University School of Medicine

• Ariel Winn, Boston Children's Hospital

• Catherine Michaelson, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine

• Benjamin Kinnear, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

• Jerome G Chen, Orlando Health

• Abigail Martini, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine

• David Turner, American Board of Pediatrics

• Daniel S Schumacher, University of Cincinnati