Cognitive Offloading in the Age of Generative AI: What Does It Mean for Students with Learning Disabilities?

• In Event: AERA Roundtable Session Sunday 11:45 am - Gold 2
  In Roundtable Session: Technology and Innovation in Special and Education

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) presents promising opportunities to support students with learning disabilities (SWLDs) in educational settings. As interest in AI integration grows, concerns remain about its potential to bypass essential cognitive processes and undermine learning if students become overly reliant on it. This conceptual literature review explores these tensions through the lens of cognitive offloading—the delegation of cognitive tasks to external tools. It synthesizes research on SWLDs’ cognitive challenges, the benefits and risks of using GenAI as a compensatory aid, and motivational factors influencing students’ offloading decisions. Practical implications are discussed to support strategic use of GenAI. The review concludes by calling for design-based, mixed-methods research to guide intentional and evidence-based integration of GenAI for SWLDs.

Authors

• Yerin Seung, University of Kansas

• James D. Basham, University of Kansas