Who Gives More Support? Curvilinear Patterns in Parental Involvement by Class

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Abstract

This study investigates the curvilinear relationship between household income and parental engagement in college preparation among South Korean high school seniors. While many parents aspire to send their children to prestigious universities, actual support behaviors differ across classes. Using national survey data and multilevel negative binomial models, results show that parental involvement peaks among upper-middle-income families and declines at the highest income level. These findings suggest that excessive economic capital may reduce the urgency of educational involvement, as affluent families often have access to alternative routes to success beyond academic achievement. This highlights complex class dynamics in educational inequality. Implications for reducing disparities in parental support are briefly discussed.

Author

• Hyevin Shin, University of Florida