Latent Transitions in Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Attitudes in an Inquiry-based Online Learning Context

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Abstract

This study examined changes in students’ latent profiles of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic attitudes over an 18-week online inquiry-based learning program. Participants were 463 students (Grades 5–9) assessed before and after the program. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three profiles initially—High Cooperative–Moderate Individualistic, Moderate to High All, and Low Cooperative–Moderate/High Individualistic—and three revised profiles post-program: High Cooperative–Low Individualistic, Moderate to High All, and Low Cooperative–High Individualistic. Latent transition analysis showed that over 70% of students from each initial profile moved into the Moderate to High All, indicating a general shift toward mixed social orientations with increased individualism and decreased competition. Differences in motivation, engagement, and achievement across profiles were also examined.

Authors

• Eun Hye Ham, Kongju National University

• You-kyung Lee, Sookmyung Women's University

• Yoonsun Shin, Sookmyung Women's University