Discretion in Implementation: A Street-Level Analysis of Restorative Practices in Philadelphia Schools

• In Event: AERA Roundtable Session Friday 7:45 am
  In Roundtable Session: School Discipline and Safety

Abstract

This paper explores the implementation of Relationships First (RF), a schoolwide restorative practices program in the School District of Philadelphia, through the lens of street-level bureaucracy (SLB) theory. Drawing on qualitative data from eight schools, we examine how educators interpret, adapt, and enact RF as primary implementers. Findings highlight two key challenges that are reflected in SLB theory: structural constraints and ambiguous messaging around the purpose and use of the program. As a result of these challenges, our research revealed that school personnel exercised discretion in how and whether to engage with the program and adapted program activities, consistent with the theory’s recognition that discretionary action is often taken by street-level implementers when enacting reforms.

Authors

• Taylor Stenley, Research for Action

• Alexis O'Herrick, Research for Action