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Understanding the relationship between teacher emotions and teaching approaches is essential for fostering humane teaching practices and supporting meaningful instructional reform. Although existing research has already provided evidence for the relationship between teacher emotions and teaching approaches, the underlying mechanism remains insufficiently explored. This study integrates teacher emotion with job-related mental health (aspiration and depersonalization) into a comprehensive model of teaching approaches. A total of 1202 in-service teachers from China participated in the study. The findings reveal the psychological mechanism how teacher emotions influence teaching approaches through the mediating role of aspiration and depersonalization: enjoyment promotes student-focused teaching approach through psychological activation (strengthening aspiration/weakening depersonalization), while anger contributes to teacher-focused teaching approach through psychological inhibition (weakening aspiration/strengthening depersonalization).