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This narrative research synthesis aimed to review the principal well-being literature published from 1978 to 2024 for 47 years. With a sample of 80 journal articles, this review conceptualized the principal well-being construct, proposed a conceptual framework, and presented future directions for a principal well-being knowledge base, intertwining theoretical, conceptual, methodological, and practical challenges and concerns. Particularly, seven approaches (e.g., physical, emotional, social, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and hybrid well-being) of defining principal well-being, three categories of antecedents, namely personal, school and contextual and the individual consequences of principal well-being were synthesized. Future research will scrutinize the recommendations from this review to find a more sensible way to advance the intellectual knowledge of principal well-being science and promote principal well-being.