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This study investigates the relationship between Formative Test (FAST) and NAFS for 6th and 9th grades in mathematics and science. The sample consisted of 1313 students for 6th- and 9th grade. The results showed a positive association between FAST scores and NAFS scores. Also, the second-semester FAST scores partially mediate the relationship between first-semester FAST and NAFS scores. Finally, school’s gender moderates the relationship between FAST and NAFS scores in mathematics. this association was significant for 9th-grade students female but not for male. This finding was not replicated for science. The study concludes that by aligning formative assessment with national standards and fostering gender-sensitive pedagogical strategies, the educational system in Saudi Arabia can move closer to its Vision 2030 goals.